TikTok OA 面试题解析：Inventory Management 与 Transactions

1. Inventory Management

In a Dynamics 365 Finance and Operations (F&O) environment, a company has difficulties managing its inventory efficiently. They frequently experience stock outages or overstock situations, resulting in increased carrying costs and missed sales opportunities. The management suspects there might be issues with their inventory management practices within the F&O system.

Which of the following options is the most likely cause?

Pick ONE option

• The company lacks proper demand forecasting techniques, leading to inaccurate predictions of inventory needs.
• The Dynamics 365 F&O system is not configured to automate reorder points and replenishment triggers based on historical sales data.
• Warehouse staff is not adequately trained to use the inventory management features in Dynamics 365 F&O, causing manual errors in stock tracking.
• The company is using outdated inventory valuation methods in the F&O system, leading to inaccurate financial reporting and inventory planning.

2. Transactions

Consider an online shopping system that utilizes multiple payment methods, CreditCard, DebitCard, and DigitalWallet, implemented through the following classes.

abstract class PaymentMethod {abstract boolean authorizeTransaction(double amount);
}

class CreditCard extends PaymentMethod {...}
class DebitCard extends PaymentMethod {...}
class DigitalWallet extends PaymentMethod {...}

class PaymentProcessor {
    private PaymentMethod paymentMethod;
    public boolean processPayment(double amount) {return paymentMethod.authorizeTransaction(amount);
    }
}

The system has a new requirement to handle discounts, which are different for each type of payment method. CreditCard has a 2% discount, DebitCard has a 1% discount, and DigitalWallet has a 3% discount. How can this new feature be incorporated into the system using the core principles of OOP without modifying the existing authorizeTransaction method in PaymentMethod?

Pick ONE option

• Add a calculateDiscount method in the PaymentMethod class and override it in each subclass to calculate discount based on the type of payment method.
• Add a DiscountCalculator class and create a different method for each payment method to calculate the discount.
• Include a discount field in the PaymentMethod class.
• Include a discount field in each of the payment method subclasses.

这组题目都属于面试中的概念理解题：第一题考察 Dynamics 365 F&O 中库存管理的常见问题，重点在于缺少需求预测、补货触发和自动化配置会导致缺货与积压；第二题考察面向对象设计原则，正确做法是通过继承和多态把不同支付方式的折扣行为封装到各自子类中，而不是修改父类已有的交易授权方法。