// City Generator
// Given a list of city names and their corresponding populations, write a function to output a
// random city name subject to the following constraint: the probability of the function to output a
// city's name is based on its population divided by the sum of all cities' population.
// For example:
// NY: 7MM
// SF: 5MM
// LA: 8MM
// The probability to generate NY is 7/20, SF is 1/4.
这题是微软常考的“加权随机抽样(Weighted Random Selection)”。给城市及其人口,返回城市名称,概率按人口占比决定。常用方法是前缀和数组+二分搜索,也考察对概率分布与随机数生成的理解。
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